Censorship As A Form Of Oppression - 1075 Words

In F451, Government uses censorship as a form of oppression, which is wrong because it takes away freedom and human rights. One way they do this is when firemen burn books to keep the populous from reading the books and obtaining information from them. Another way is how the government controls the people s every move, â€Å" My uncle was arrested another time†¦ for being a pedestrian.† Page 7. Similar to they way Nazi Germany controlled the populous of its time. And how on the train they play loud music to keep people from focusing and thinking. One way of thinking in the book is that the government burns books because some of them make people unhappy. Governments use censorship as a form of oppression of the populous. Ray Bradbury was born August 22, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois to Ester Moberg Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant. When Bradbury was 14, in 1934, he and his parents moved to Los Angeles. As an adolescent and a young adult he grew up during World War II, and he finished high school during the Great Depression. In the 1920’s, 30’s and 40’s throughout the world there was a rising of totalitarian governments, Italy, Germany, Russia etc, â€Å"Totalitarianism, [is a] form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual’s life to the authority of the government.† (http://www.britannica.com/topic/totalitarianism). Throughout history and the world in totalitarian and oppressive governments, thereShow MoreRelatedCensorship Is Not Freedom, Morality, And Safety Of The People1549 Words   |  7 PagesWhen you think of the word, â€Å"censorship†, what do you think of? Secrecy? Morality? Oppression? Liberals often see censorship as a limit set by the government. A limit to suppress the capabilities of the human race. A limit that keeps a country’s citizens intact. A limit that keeps the people ignorant so that the powerful can stay powerful. But what if I told you that censorship isn’t what the liberals say it is? What if I told you that censorship is the thing that is keeping our country togetherRead MoreThe Eyes Of The Modern World Have Long Borne Witness To1510 Words   |  7 Pagescall themselves the witnesses of this turmoil, but they are in fact the victims. Middle Easterners have long been the victims of corrupt systems of government and have endured the civil oppression forced upon them by these governments. In 2010 Middle Easterners began to collectively take a stand against this oppression. Widespread demonstrations and protests began in the middle of December as Middle Easterners began to take action against their governments. This movement spread all throughout the MiddleRead MoreThe Power Of The Government In Fahrenheit 451 And Red Queen803 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors that are closely related with the form of government, monarchy. The two books have many differences and similarities, most of them relating to the governments and laws presented in the stories. As stated before, the government is an important factor in both Fahrenheit 451 and Red Queen. Each government uses different techniques of oppression, one they have in common is censorship. In Fahrenheit 451, the government does not allow books or any form of information you can read. The regime doesRead MoreThe Journalistic Practices Of China1024 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical reform would be required. The issues facing journalism and media in China include social and legal punishments, radical censorship, a decline in foreign news agencies, and limited freedom of expression. My opinion is that these issues are a result of the political situation, especially the regulations, policies, and laws that restrict journalists. Communism and oppression have been identifying factors in China’s political and media infrastructures and it is clear through the current issues thatRead MoreFreedom For The Sake Of Security1383 Words   |  6 Pages Suppressing Freedom for The Sake of Security Our world today is filled with unnecessary oppression. Slavery is one common form of human oppression, but there are numerous other forms as well. War, death, hunger, and sadness caused the elders in the society of The Giver to force each citizen to live extremely structured, controlled lives. That structure and control effected each person’s ability to live unique, private, and free lives. The elders in The Giver wanted all the citizens in the communityRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Pornography887 Words   |  4 Pagesdignity. It is only to the extent that self-respect and the avoidance of pain are accepted as part of being human, that humiliation and the infliction of pain become eroticised and feminine. In this way, pornography becomes a means to facilitate the oppression of women and the exercise of masculine control. A possible objection to this argument is that although pornography may undermine gender equality, personal liberty and freedom of expression is of greater importance to society and therefore shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 PagesEinstein). In Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, the novel explores censorships role as a hindrance on individuality, and the severe toll it takes on society’s self-awareness. Academia has widely argued the reason behind Bradbury’s dystopian themed work of art. Most interpretations of the novel suggest the work resembles anti-censorship propaganda. On the other hand, Bradbury himself stated: â€Å"I wasn’t worried about censorship-I was worried about people being turned into morons by TV† (Smolla, TheRead MoreCensorship Of The Beat Generation1062 Words   |  5 Pageswriting to reflect their situation as a form of comfort. However, there were restrictions on what was read, writ ten, heard and spoke due to the influence of communism. During this period of suppression, there a group of young, intelligent and anti-conformist boys who were studying at Colombia University. Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg are the ‘founders’ of Beat Generation. The group beliefs focused on individuality, lack of censorship and salvation which shifted the lifestyleRead MoreAmerican Politics During The Vietnam War1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Vietnam War and was not just an American trend; in fact, two of the most influential and famous pieces of the early 20th century were products of political oppression on the other side of the world. Both Paul Hindemith, under the Nazi Regime, and Dmitri Shostakovich, under the communist reign of Stalin, managed to fight political oppression through their music. The two composers had very different ways of doing so. Hindemith wrote two separate pieces, one that directly opposed the Nazi regime, andRead MoreCens orship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 PagesI. A. Censorship. This single word describes the world’s history of literary sabotage, the idea of rejecting a concept or other medium of propaganda simply because it exhibits a disagreeable or supposedly immorally tepid aspect, then forcibly substituting a more ‘ethical’ ideal. Since King Hammurabi stamped out the first cuneiform laws in Babylon, human society has experienced relentless episodes of chronic censorship. It wasn’t until the Roman Empire however, that the word censor was coined, meaning

Reflective Sociology Essay - 2218 Words

The last six weeks have challenged my preconceived ideas about sociology and the role that it plays in society in the popular and social media, my values, behaviours and belief system. What I hope to highlight throughout this reflective essay is what I have learnt and how that has shaped my new thought process and reinforced old thought patterns. Week one I learnt about the Sociological imagination where to quote C Wright â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp the connection between history and biography.† (Henslin et al., 2011). Upon further reflection of the reading material in Sociology a down to earth approach there was one particular story that really resonated with me. It was the illustration about expecting†¦show more content†¦Week three see’s the introduction of the fathers of sociology Auguste Comte, Herbert Spenser, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel. Karl Marx and Durkheim are the two that really resonate with me, Dur kheim due to his theories around the subject of suicide and how that subject is particularly personal with me and also Karl Marx theory around class inequality. Karl Marx believed that man’s basic needs were food and shelter and the evolution of these basic needs led to capitalism, after the industrial revolution we see there being two distinct classes of people the workers and the capitalist and the effect that this ultimately has on social aspect of society. Marx looked at the unequal power struggle in this theory and how that conflict would lead to socialism and eventually communism and it was then that he co-wrote with Englels in 1948 â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. I can really see the same picture that Marx was looking at, even in today’s society in Australia we see the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer, but more evident in third world countries where there are polar opposites in wealth and power. 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Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda Free Essays

string(68) " derived from an Arabic root, which means to struggle or to strive\." Nowadays, every part has been stimulated and affected by various acts of violence and terrorism around the globe. A number of revolutionary movements are being advanced at a very faster rate. In the result, thousands of innocent people have died, and millions of people have lost their homes. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda or any similar topic only for you Order Now During this mode of international intimidation, we will try to comprehend and discuss one of the major terrorist groups around the world, which has affected millions of people and provided suffering to them. We will try to relate the ideologies and intentions related to one of the specific terrorist groups that has been the cause of various anti-terrorist campaigns, activities, as well as, wars by different and various countries, NGOs, organizations, and thousands of individuals around the world. We will also try to examine their every day activities, their related bodies, as well as, their utilization of the term of ‘jihad’ in their violent processes and other operations of the group. In this regard, we will also try to relate and link some of the major events of violence and terrorism that have occurred in different parts of the world, such as, 9/11 attack, London bombing, etc. Therefore, we will examine if there is anything happening for the elimination and reduction of the deterioration that has been caused by the group around the world. In this way, we will also go through a list of challenges that have to overcome by the different countries and international peace organizations in a mutual and sustainable manner, as all these factors are interrelated with each other in the processes of international peace. History Leadership An armed Sunni Islamist organization and group having the objective and intention to eliminate and eradicate foreign influences from the Muslim countries is Al-Qaeda, which has become one of the significant areas of focus in every country and state. One of the basic objectives of this group is the eradication of the ones, whom they deem and consider being infidels according to their theologies. One of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of a state governed by a Caliph (Islamic leader), which is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. In this regard, struggle for the above-mentioned reestablishment of a caliph-governed-state was performed by the adherents of Wahhabism; that is, an orthodox conventional Islamic movement, which was named after its founder, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, and Salafism; another orthodox Islamic fundamentalist movement. They are the prominent pioneers and militants of this armed group. These two movements of their Islam are very dominant in Saudi Arabia, Western Iraq, and Qatar. These countries played a vital role in the encouragement of the revolutionary activities of this militant group. In the year 1980, a Muslim organization was founded, namely ‘Maktab al-Khadamat’ (Place for Service) that resulted in the evolution of Al-Qaeda according to some of the experts and analysts in this field, which vary in number and cannot be specified in a paper. War against the Soviets, particularly, in Afghanistan, channelizing of funds, and recruitment of personnel who were trained by the Al-Qaeda were some of the main objectives of establishment of this organization. A Palestinian Islamic scholar, A. Azaan has been considered as the founder of this organization. He is considered as one of the influential leaders that remained the reason of Al-Qaeda activities for a long period. In this regard, paramilitary training camps were established and organized by this group, and Bin Laden was convinced and influenced by the Palestinian founder. In the result, funds were raised from the petro-billionaires of the Gulf, as well as, some of the royal families for this organization. However, some of the experts have analyzed that a major role has not been played by the MAK in the advancement of Al-Qaeda as a powerful opponent of the Western countries. The group is generally recognized by its leader, Osama bin Laden, whereas, Ayman al-Zawahiri has also influenced the practice, as well as, theory of this organization. A common cause is linking many collaborative and independent working cells, which may exist in more than one country, resulting in its operations to be not centralized from one place. The September 11 attacks on New York’s World Trade Center, as well as, on the Pentagon were the result of planning and execution of the abovementioned group that has committed multiple terrorism acts in the name of a term ‘jihad’ in the religion of Islam. In response, a number of series of legal, as well as, military operations were launched against the militant group, Al-Qaeda by the United States, which was supported by many other developed and developing countries, such as, Jordan, England, Egypt, Canada, Pakistan, etc. The United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, NATO, and the United Nations, have officially designated this group as harmful and terrorist organization due to its continuous radical acts in different parts of the world. Thus, in this section, we have tried to discuss the leadership and initial years of the Al-Qaeda briefly. Case Studies In late October 2001, al Jazeera, a Middle-east television network’s journalist, Tayseer Alouni, videotaped the Osama bin Laden’s interview, while he was explaining the origin of his group. In his interview, Osama said, ‘The name ‘al Qaeda’ was established a long time ago by mere chance. The late Abu Ebeida El-Banashiri established the training camps for our mujahedeen (trained force) against Soviet’s terrorism. We used to call the training camp al Qaeda [meaning â€Å"the base† in English] and the name stayed. In this interview of the year 2001, he used the word mujahedeen, which is used to describe the Muslims, who are ready to sacrifice their lives in any war or a meaning of struggle, often taken in the words, Jihad. In true Islamic context, it is an Islamic term that was derived from an Arabic root, which means to struggle or to strive. You read "Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda" in category "Papers" In the light of abovementioned reference, in religious terms, an inner effort and struggle for the mobilization of energies, in order to make one, a pious Muslim spiritually is called Jihad. Secondly, it is an attempt to serve the Islamic community and ummah through the mentioned capabilities. In extreme circumstances, it is regarded in military terms through the conquest of enemy’s territory or power. After knowing the true definition of Jihad in its Islamic terminology, a nonprofessional person can articulate that the ideology of Islam, which is being presented by these militant groups are fake and ridiculous. Islam is a religion of peace, which requires a Muslim to submit his will to the Almighty Allah, one God. Whereas, no Islamic context or Allah’s words have ordered to kill innocent people and frighten them with the bombings and suicide attacks. Historically, if we investigate and analyze the origin of Al-Qaeda, we come to know that it was originally established, where training was given to thousands of mujahedeen, and they were recruited in Soviet by the militant organization. In the month of January 2001, the U. S. Department of Justice used the term Al-Qaeda for the first time, when four men were accused in the case of United States embassy bombings in East Africa. Again, if we examine the concept of Al-Qaeda for these militant acts, we can take the example of another part of the previously mentioned interview of October 2001. During the interview, the Al-Qaeda leader was asked regarding his sources that were supporting his activities financially. In reply, Osama bin Laden said, ‘This battle is not between al Qaeda and the U. S. This is a battle of Muslims against the global crusaders. In the past, when al Qaeda fought with the mujahedeen, we were told, â€Å"Wow, can you defeat the Soviet Union? † The Soviet Union scared the whole world then. NATO used to tremble of fear of the Soviet Union. Where is that power now? We barely remember it. It broke down into many small states and Russia remained. God, who provided us with his support and kept us steadfast until the Soviet Union was defeated, is able to provide us once more with his support to defeat America on the same land and with the same people. We believe that the defeat of America is possible, with the help of God, and is even easier for us, God permitting, than the defeat of the Soviet Union was before. ’ According to this statement of the leader of Al-Qaeda group, this war is not with the United States, which is often assumed by the media, but with the global crusaders. Even if we accept this statement of the militant chief, do innocent people of New York or the students of the United Kingdom are regarded as crusaders in their opinions, which were killed in the 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Centre and London train bombings respectively. This would have really made anybody feel ridiculous of the statement, or of the terrorist dealings that are happening nowadays in the world. To take things more theoretically, we should try to gather around more facts. According to Diaa Rashwan, a senior researcher at the Al-Ahram Centre for Political and Strategic Studies, in mid 1990s, a merger between the Bin Laden groups and the Zawahiri’s Al-Jihad groups was the result of a new name of this group, Qa’edat al-Jihad that means a base provided for the Jihad (the struggle). In the context of this section, we can have an understanding of the concept and theology of the Al-Qaeda leaders. Once again, the word Jihad was taken as the primary objective and purpose of this militant group, which was totally against the teachings of Islam. The young Muslims were brought into Afghanistan for the training purpose, brainwashed by these militants, and were turned into new Afghani Mujahedeens. In the month of August 1988, according to a document of the Defense Department of the United States, the organization was defined as the establishment of an organization for the recruitment of young Muslims, and turning them into Afghani Mujahedeen, as mentioned previously in our discussion. It was also stated in this document that the one of the main objectives of this group was instituting the Islamist states throughout the world, while overthrowing the un-Islamic regimes, which were taken as enemies of the God. The expulsion of soldiers of the United States from the Gulf was their one of the targets, and in the end, it was their mission to capture the city of Jerusalem as a sacred city of Muslims. If we look into the past, wars have been fought in the name of religion. However, no religion and even in the history of Islamic wars, we have never seen a war, in which innocent people, women, children were killed. From the historical facts and the teachings of Islam, given by the Allah, a last option was given to the Muslims to fight in the name of their religion, if and only if, there was no other option remained in their hands. (Ajaja, pp. 67-69, 2006) This means that the Al-Qaeda leaders portray their activities as reflection of Islamic teachings, which is quite a wrong thing according to the history and teachings of Islam. We can decide through these statements and discussions that it is a wrong thing to call this militant group as an Islamic militant group. Political and social reasons can and may be behind the establishment of this group. Personal benefits and leisure have been the cause and motive of this organization. However, it would be very ludicrous to relate it with the Islam. In this regard, Al-Qaeda is a militant group with extremists misguided by some of the leaders who are Muslims for their own leisure, luxury, and fame. The statements and writings of these groups may give a perception of a religion that gives the teaching of spreading blood and hatred in the world. However, their statements are very philosophical and illiterate in nature, if properly investigated and studied, as already being done by a number of experts and professionals around the world. In the year 1998, the Al-Qaeda leader was interviewed once again and the tape was shown to people of the whole world. If we analyze his statements during that interview, Allah was praised by him for the help, by which, America’s greatest buildings were destroyed. He was seen thanking God for His blessings on them, and causing humiliation that was tasted by Muslims since more than eighty years. According to Bin Laden, Muslims’ children were being killed in Muslim countries, Israeli tanks were infesting Palestine, and the blood, honor, and sanctuaries of Islam were being abused by the infidels. Even then, nobody was seen moving a single limb against these infidels according to Bin Laden. In one of his statements, he said, ‘These events have divided the whole world into two sides. The side of believers and the side of infidels, may God keep you away from them. Every Muslim has to rush to make his religion victorious. The winds of faith have come. The winds of change have come to eradicate oppression from the island of Muhammad, peace be upon Him. ’ If we look into this statement, according to him, his world was at the peak of division of the believers and the infidels. Secondly, he had asked every Muslim to wake up and rush out for the victory of his religion. Even if we accept, the injustices caused to the Muslims, and the injuries borne by them, no Islamic teachings guided to response in this manner, even with the enemies. If we go back into the history, Prophet Muhammad, the last Prophet of the Allah, and who spread Islam in the Arabia, he had also fought many wars during his life. We can see the examples of forgiveness that He used to perform with the enemies, and even used to forgive those persons, who had abused him on the face, or even stoned His body. From the abovementioned examples, it can be analyzed that the militant and terrorist acts of this Al-Qaeda group was not more than acts of political wars. The statements of Al-Qaeda group may be primary religious, but in some parts. More fractions were used to humiliate the enemy and disgrace the religion of Islam, and that is the reason, which made even the Islamic countries to support the War of Terrorism, such as, Islamic Republic of Pakistan that has supported the abovementioned war for the eradication of Al-Qaeda forces in different regions of the world. Injustices were also done during this war of terrorism, and even innocent people became victims during this period. However, no difference remains, if a person slaps someone, who has just slapped him. Every religion that came in this world, taught and guided to speak the truth, help the people, and serve the humanity. Therefore, if a group of extremists that arm themselves, kill innocent people and children of the so-called enemies, and call them the true believers, they are truly wrong. In this regard, all the evidences show that the members of this militant group are just misguided and brainwashed in order to fulfill the personal wishes of the leaders. Only radical and illiterate ideology of a religion is represented by these groups, and once again, one may not deem them as the representatives of Islam, which has often being done by most of the media and political authorities around the world. It has been analyzed that media has played a crucial role in the advancement of extremism of these terrorist groups around the world, which should be stopped by the concerned authorities, in order to acquire peace in the globe. In order to understand their philosophy in more detail, we should examine their other statements too. A ‘fatwa’ (binding religious proclamation) was issued and co-signed by Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Sumedh Gawai, and three of the other Islamist leaders on February 23, 1998. This edict was made under the banner of the World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders. Once again, it was very wrong step by them to use the word Islamic, as it only disgraced this religion, rather than giving it honor. In this declaration, it was announced that â€Å"the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies, civilians and military is an individual duty of every Muslim, who can do it in any country in which, it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque (in Jerusalem) and the Holy mosque (in Makka) from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty Allah, and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,’ and fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah. ’ In the light of the abovementioned pronouncement, it was compulsory for every Muslim to come out of his/her home and start fighting with any Jew that comes in front of him. Is not that a preposterous proclamation, or should it be taken as a dangerous edict? The most interesting thing, which takes attention of any person, is that traditional Islamic scholarly qualifications were possessed by neither Osama bin Laden or al-Zawahiri. However, the contemporary ‘ulema’ (true providers of Islamic teachings) were rejected by these radical extremists, and this responsibility was taken upon them by themselves. The September 11, 2001 attacks at New York’s World Trade Center and the Pentagon were the deadliest and the extreme cases in the American, as well as, World history. Almost 3000 people were killed, which included Christians, Jews, and interestingly, even Muslims. This act was an elevated operation of terrorism, and it changed the lives of thousand of Americans, as well as, millions of people around the globe. In the month of October 2004, a videotape was released by Al-Jazeera, in which, Osama bin Laden claimed his responsibility of these attacks, and he stated his inspiration to be the 1982 Israeli attacks at the high-rises in the Lebanon. Once more, he performed this act of repetition that was done wrongly in the past in a reciprocal manner. Even if Israel had done a devilish act, Islam had taught to forgive and pray for the blessings, even for the enemies. However, what happened was totally different and diverse from the Islamic teachings. In this way, the Al-Qaeda once again performed an anti-Islamic act in front of the globe. In this videotape, Osama bin Laden said, ‘As I looked at those demolished towers in Lebanon, it entered my mind that we should punish the oppressors in kind and that we should destroy towers in America, in order that they taste some of what we tasted and so that they be deterred from killing our women and children. ’ It seems from these terrorism acts and their statements that this would not stop in the near future, and a war may not be the solution of this issue. Their philosophy, ideology, and psychology are related to their hearts, and that tends them to react in this state of terrorism. One more example of their statements is the incident of July 13, 2006. In the Srinagar region of Kashmir, a man claimed to be the representative of Al-Qaeda, and announced the Muslims of Kashmir and the people worldwide, of their arrival in this region. Kashmiri Muslims have been struggling since 1947, but declaration of Al-Qaeda from this event showed the chances of more extremism in this region. The spokesperson also attributed the recent blasts to his group, calling them a consequence of Indian oppression, which was suppressed by the Muslim minorities. These series of different statements showed the image of Muslims and particularly, Islam as a religion of war, rather than the peace. These acts can only be the motives of political benefits and advantages, as no Islamic teachings teach the Muslims to do the struggle in this manner, even against their enemies. Therefore, once again, it would be better to declare that these statements and writings can only be a reflection of motives behind personal promotion, rather than the religious beliefs and teachings. However, it is still confusing to decide the final resolution, as the Al-Qaeda’s nature and extent of its working and operations throughout the world, remains an area of dispute. It has been observed that Quranic teachings are used for the justification of their activities. However, this group has not ever accepted the Quranic teaching that has encouraged forgiving rather than a war. As earlier mentioned in the paper, it has been observed that a number of anti-terrorist forces have been created, peace organizations have struggled to approach a resolution; but nothing has provided any nonviolent and peaceful solution, which has been a serious concern for a number of nations and millions of people around the globe. In this respect, the War on Terrorism has been one of the major counter responses that have been planned and implemented in various parts of the country, in order to eliminate and eradicate the Al-Qaeda group from the map of this planet. However, high-tech equipments, facilities and resources of super powers, such as, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, etc. have not been enough to eliminate such groups, particularly, the Al-Qaeda that has been the basic inspiration and support for the minor groups. Following the attacks of World Trade Centre, military, legal, as well as, individual actions were performed by various countries, which were deemed as the War on Terrorism. For instance, Pakistan played a crucial role in the War on Terrorism, as its forces put many Al-Qaeda members behind the bars near the Pak-Afghan border. Before the commencement of the abovementioned war, a chance of surrender was given to some of the top leaders of the Al-Qaeda by the United States government that was rejected by them. However, a neutral country was considered by the extremist leaders for the trial of Osama bin Laden, if evidences of involvement of the leader would be provided by the U. S. government. In response, the United States government rejected the proposal and deemed it as irrelevant. In the result, Afghanistan was invaded by the Western allies, and Taliban government was removed during this war. Obliteration of training camps and infrastructure of the Al-Qaeda was done by the Western armies with the support of air forces of various countries. In the result, it has been analyzed that most of the Al-Qaeda was deteriorated and its members spread in different parts of the country in minor groups. Many of the militants were arrested, and mostly, killed during the aerial bombardment by the Western air forces. Initially, success was celebrated in this war; however, still, some of the top leaders including Osama bin Laden has not been caught by the Western forces. Moreover, it has been analyzed and noted by some of the experts that increment of 607 percent has been observed in the attacks by the militant groups, particularly, in the Iraq. The United States, as well as, Americans in other parts of the world has been noted as in great danger by most of the diplomats around the world. In addition, the War on Terrorism has not been won by the United States and its allies, as noted and believed by approximately eighty-five percent of the experts in the field of foreign policy. Thus, the Al-Qaeda has not been eliminated yet, and attacks are being observed every other day in different parts of the world, predominantly, the places with Western allies and Americans around the world. It cannot be said that the Al-Qaeda has been eliminated, nor the United States have lost the war. The case study of the Al-Qaeda is still a mystery for some, and conflict for others. Conclusion From the understanding of the mentioned statements, it can be articulated that these acts and thoughts are the result of hatred against the United States, Israel, and other Western countries, rather than an effort of struggling as per the teachings of Islam. According to their Islamic ideology, these abovementioned countries are taken as the infidels and enemies of the Islam. They take it as these countries are trying to abuse the social, economic, cultural, and traditional values of their religion. Many of the Saudi, Sufi, and Shia scholars, who were results of the previously mentioned Wahhabism, wrote about the United States as the country of corruption, despotism, evil, and aggression. It was considered as a state of spreading abomination and corruption in the world. The resources being used on wines, cigarettes, and sex channels were the causes of their hatred against these Western countries. In order to dominate their desire of revenge against these states, they portrayed themselves as the true representatives, scholars, and believers of the religion of Islam. Young Muslims were brainwashed and persuaded to sacrifice their lives for the motive of Islam. However, the main objective was to humiliate the enemy, rather than to honor the religion. The different proclamations of these extremists, such as, the future conquest of Rome and all of the European continent, the state of confrontation with the West, civilians in the infidel states deserve to die, democracy as the religion of the infidels, and considering the West as God’s enemy, are some of the many and various statements given by these extremists, which only portray their personal motives behind these acts, and not the Islamic ideology in any sense. Many experts, writers, investigators, and analysts have tried their best to analyze the Al-Qaeda’s position, in light of their statements and writings, but it is still a topic of argument due to its anonymity. However, we have tried our best to examine and scrutinize the testimonials of this militant group, in order to decide their role as an Islamic group representing their religious teachings and belief, or an extremist side of coin that is trying to cope up its problems radically. Conclusively, according to the investigations done by different experts, and facts available for the analysis, Al-Qaeda network do not exhibit or seems to be trying to portray an original picture and ideology, which was given by the Holy Quran or the Messenger of Allah, to the Muslims of the world. Thus, this paper has studied and discussed initial days of the Al-Qaeda group, the causes that resulted in the extremism of their ideology, and authorities and individuals that have influenced the advancement and development of the Al-Qaeda, which has resulted in deterioration of millions of lives and valuable resources in different parts of the world. We analyzed during the paper that one of the main purposes of this militant organization is the reestablishment of the caliphate that is the title given to an Islamic leader controlling the political leadership, as well as, religious leadership in the religion of Islam. It is hoped that this paper will help students, teachers, professionals, and experts in the better understanding of the role of Al-Qaeda in the terrorism that has worsened and weakened the peace in the globe. References Brad K. Berner. 2005. The World According to Al-Qaeda. Booksurge Llc. Daurius Figueira. 2004. The Al Qaeda Discourse of the Greater Kufr. IUniverse. Dele Ajaja. 2006. The Return of Al-Qaeda: When a Dreaded Terrorist Reaches the Turning Point. IUniverse. Jason Burke. 2004. Al-Qaeda: a True Story of Radical Islam. I. B. Tauris. Olivier Roy. 2004. Globalised Islam: the search for a new Ummah. C. Hurst Co. Publishers. Paul J. Murphy. 2004. The Wolves of Islam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terror. Brassey’s. Robert O. Marlin. 2005. What Does Al Qaeda Want? : Unedited Communiques. North Atlantic Books. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Ideology and Objectives of Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, Papers

Public Relations Errors in a Company Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations Errors in a Company. Answer: Introduction Public relations refers to the practice of an individual or an organization managing the flow and spread of information between a certain individual or organization and the public. An individual may not be significantly concerned about the image or information that other people have about him or her. Unless he or she is a famous person with a reputation, therefore, he or she would not make significant efforts to ensure that they maintain a positive reputation considering the aspects of individuals and other factors. Organizations, on the other hand, have a significant reason to ensure that they maintain a positive image. Without maintaining a positive image, it becomes completely difficult for any organization to convince customers that they can trust that its services and products are as effective as describes. The aspect of ensuring that a positive image is maintained in an appropriate manner, therefore, is an important aspect that is considered beneficial by all individuals. With this regard, therefore, it is appropriate to ensure that organizations handle different situations with concerns of their image and operations in an effective manner. Incidence description. The incidence took place on April 9th in the year 2017, when the organizationsmanagement announced that four passengers required to be removed from the flight, to accommodate four flight attendants needed by another flight in a different region where the plane was going. The organization offered 400 dollars to the individuals who would agree to give space to these attendants among other allowances. After no individual was willing to volunteer, the offer increased to 800 dollars to any individual who would volunteer. None of the passengers volunteered, and thus after a short while, a manager boarded the plane and explained that four individuals would be chosen by the computer and they would be the individuals who would leave the plane. After the choosing was made, however, one of the individuals refused to leave the place. Dr. David Dao explained that he had some patients that he wanted to see the next day and thus he refused to leave the place (Shugerman, 2017). The main incidence, however, took place after his refusal to leave the plane, immediately when the manager realized that Dr. Dao had no intentions of leaving the plane, he called security officers, who dramatically dragged him out of his chair. In his struggle to remain in his seat and proceed on with the flight, Dao suffered injuries in his head and his mouth. A passenger explained that one of the security men threw him against the armrest and then dragged him down the aisle while he was unconscious. This incidence was recorded by a large number of the flight passengers with the majority of them not being the happy with how the management of the airline had handled the issue. Almost every passenger was sympathizing with Dao and expressing that it was an in just action to drag him away in such a manner (Bacon, 2017). Aftermath occurrences After the occurrence of this incidence and a large number of individuals recorded and posted the videos of the incidence of social media, a lot of unrest and incidences occurred. One of the officers who dragged the passenger was immediately put on administrative leave, simply because of the way he handled the incidence in an acceptable and expected manner. On April 11, law firms stated that they were representing Gao in the activity of seeking justice and the expressed their appreciation for the prayers and support they were getting from sympathizers of what had happened to the passenger. After this statement, the Chicago Department of Aviation expressed that the incidence was not by its standards and that the department cannot in any way condone the actions that the security officers who dragged Gao involved in. The department continues to explain the training that the individuals are securing flights receiver and the pay, as a way of helping the public understand how such an incide nce occurred (Glowicki, 2017). Reaction by the public There was a significant reaction from the public about this incidence. To begin with, the flight customers who witnessed the incidence as it took place completely disagreed with the means through which one of their fellow passengers had been handled. It is out of this anger that majority of the individuals posted this information online and in social media platforms with completely negative comments concerning the organization. After this information was provided to the individuals, the next important aspect that the public was concerned about is the process through which they can help the passenger obtain justice. After the video was posted, it obtained about 6.8 million views within a time span of days, an aspect that reveals how concerned the public was about the issue. After the revelation that doctor Dao is a Vietnamese-Chinese, individuals from these two countries were significantly offended by the incidence. They all attained the brief that he was targeted because he was not f ully American like other individuals (Oliver, 2007). The need to understand the reason why this incidence took place occurred in the mind of many individuals. These individuals were significantly concerned in understanding the main reason why a well-reputed organization like United Airlines could simply decide to create an incidence by being racist and unjustly dragging a passenger out of place. This aspect has resulted in a large number of individuals being significantly against the organization and lacking the will to seek its services. Vietnam and Chinese individuals, for example, were significantly annoyed of this incidence and thus the majority of them picked up a grudge with the organization. This grudge caused the individuals to be less willing to board flights with the organization and instead decided to utilize a different organization as the place from where they receive flight services (Watkins, 2017). Recommendations based on the Public Relations Theory The public relations theory, as explained earlier explains that it is significantly important for any organization to ensure that it maintains a positive public image by making the decisions which are publicly acceptable and non-offending. To maintain a good image, therefore, organizations need to ensure that they operate in the most appropriate manner and that they do not in any way operate in a way that is negatively provoking to the public. This aspect is important for any organization because without an effective consideration of how the public views it, it becomes difficult for an individual to be well conversant with the means and methods that the organization can be considered beneficial. Effectiveness of operation makes organizations obtain an appropriate and good image which attracts customers. The incidence that took place in the United Airlines organization completely reveals the ineffectiveness of the organizationsmanagement in dealing with different situations (Magazine, 2012). There are some ways that the organization could have utilized to handle the situation in a much better way. To begin with, the organization may have realized that it was significantly important for the four flight attendants to leave the plane. Even before forcing four individuals to leave the plane against their will, therefore, the organization should have increased the benefits to the offer that it was making as compensation for the individuals who would agree to leave the plane and wait for another one. By agreeing to go without having any of the individuals being forced in any way, the individuals could not in any way have negatively provided negative expressions about the organization. This solution is thus a valid choice that the organization could have utilized to solve the incidence in a better way (Heaney, Rebolini, 2017). The other important option that the organization could also have utilized is the option of speaking to the individuals selected by the machine individually and in private, to consider their reasons for the need to leave the place so much. In almost all the journeys that are made with a group of individuals on board, a certain number of these individuals feel that making the journey is an emergency and a significant need according to their situation. There is, however, a number of other individuals who have the choice to leave at the time or later. The strategy of letting the computer decide and making that decision final was not appropriate and not considerate of the interest and voice of the passengers. This is because unlike a human being, the computer could not have considered the emergency level of the situation that the individuals it picked had. Dr. David Dao, for example, explained that the reason why he was extremely serious about being on board of the place was that he inten ded to see certain patients when he managed to get back. This aspect made him an inappropriate choice to leave the flight. If, however, the manager used a strategy where the individuals whom the computer choose were called aside or in a chamber that is away from the rest of the passengers and then provided with the situation that the flight had and the need to help by boarding another plane at a later date, the manager could have attained an opportunity to convince the passengers to accept leaving the place in a peaceful manner, and at the same time he or she would have managed to understand the urgency of the issue at hand. With this information, it would have been easier to obtain a peaceful and appropriate decision on the individuals that would be cleared to leave the plane and the allowances that they would get for making that decision (Gregory, 2004). Benefits and positive aspect of the recommended action The two courses of action that are recommended which theairline management could have utilized to handle the issue are significantly beneficial, compared to the decisions that the organization is currently utilizing. To begin with, the decision of adding the allowance which the organization was offering to the customers could have eventually achieved results after reaching a certain level, where individuals who did not have urgent matters to attend to, could have volunteered to get the money and the allowances offered. This aspect could have been beneficial for all the individuals involved and could also have helped the individuals manage to remain completely effective and capable of being appropriately able (Deuschl, 2006). The decision to call and listen to the case of every individual that was chosen to leave the flight and convince these individuals to leave the plane peacefully and wilfully is the other important aspect that could have helped to solve the issue at hand completely. To begin with, the incident occurred because one of the chosen individuals had an emergency to attend to, an aspect that brought about the need to leave with the flight without having any delays. Since the manager who boarded the place claimed that computers were used to pick the passengers who would give space to the flight attendants, it is clear that no specific procedure was utilized to enhance the needed and provided effectiveness. With this regard, therefore, the problem raised because the manager did not take time to listen to the needs of the chooses passenger and address the issue. He or she simply decided to use force to remove the resisting passenger from the seat and continue with the flight. This decision is s imply the major problem that the organization involved in, which caused the incidence to lead to the significant problems like it did (Green, 2010). Conclusions It is clear that the involvement of the organization in handling this situation was completely flawed. The major mistake which led to the occurrence of this incidence and the significant tarnishing of the united airline's organization image is the problem of being less capable and effective in operating appropriately. The organization failed in utilizing public relation based strategy in addressing the issue and thus it eventually caused the major problems of significant tarnishing of its image. To handle the situation in a better way, the organization could have avoided the dramatic use of force to remove the passenger from his seat when other passengers were watching. It could have utilized other effective strategies like the dialogue with the passenger and convincing as recommended. The implementation of the two recommendations could have helped the organization manage top avoid the large problems it is currently facing due to the occurrence of this incidence (Ali, 2002). References Ali, M. (2002).Practical marketing and public relations for the small business. London: Kogan Page. Bacon, J. (2017). United Airlines passenger dragged off flight suffered concussion, broken nose: US today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/04/13/united-airlines-david-dao-family-press-conference/100409492/ Deuschl, D. (2006).Travel and tourism public relations : an introductory guide for hospitality managers. Burlington, MA Oxford, UK: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Glowicki, M. (2017). United Flight 3411: A timeline: US Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/04/11/heres-what-happened-united-flight-3411/100333378/ Green, A. (2010).Creativity in public relations. London Philadelphia: Kogan Page. Gregory, A. (2004).Public relations in practice. London Sterling, VA: Kogan Page. Heaney, K. Rebolini, A. (2017).Public relations. New York: Grand Central Publishing. Magazine, E. (2012).Public Relations Business : Entrepreneur's Step-by-Step Startup Guide. New York: Entrepreneur Press. Mclntyre, N. (2017). United Airlines: Doctor dragged off Flight 3411 speaks out after the incident: Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/united-airlines-doctor-david-dao-drag-flight-3411-overbooking-chicago-hospital-a7679426.html Oliver, S. (2007).Public relations strategy. London Philadelphia: Kogan Page. Oliver, S. (2010).Public relations strategy. London Philadelphia: Kogan Page/CIPR. Shugerman, E. (2017). United Airlines offer refunds to all Flight 3411 passengers after Dr David Dao was dragged off plane: Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/united-airlines-flight-3411-refunds-david-dao-drag-off-plane-chicago-o-hare-airport-louisville-a7682566.html Smith, R. (2017).Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Milton: Taylor and Francis. Watkins, M. (2017). David Dao, passenger removed from United flight, now in spotlight: Courier Journal. Retrieved from https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/04/11/david-dao-passenger-removed-united-flight-doctor-troubled-past/100318320/

Physics IA bouncing ball Essay Example

Physics IA bouncing ball Paper 1. Put the ruler perpendicular to the flat surface.  2. Place the ruler in the arm of the metal stand and secure it tight so that the ruler can stay still; it must be perpendicular to the surface and parallel to the stand.  3. Grab the rubber ball and place it with one hand besides the 10cm mark in the ruler.  4. With the other hand have the chronometer in 0 seconds and be ready because as you are going to release the ball you have to start the count in the chronometer.  5. Drop the ball and start the count in the chronometer simultaneously. 6. Wait until the ball to stop bouncing completely, this is, wait for the ball to start rolling so that you can see movement just in the horizontal way or x-axis and not in the vertical way or y-axis, and in that specific time, stop the count.  7. In your physics lab table write the resultant time t for the height h of 10cm.  8. Repeat steps 3-6 twice and write the multiple resultant times in your physics lab table in order to have three time samples. This is for avoiding random errors.  9. Continue the pattern of releasing the ball from each multiple of 10 until reaching 100cm, measuring three times from each multiple of 10cm. Write the results in your physics lab table. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics IA bouncing ball specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physics IA bouncing ball specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physics IA bouncing ball specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 10. Calculate the average of the three times you measure for each multiple of 10cm to 100cm by using this formula:  Taverage= (T1+T2+T3)/3  and write it in your physics lab table in an extra column.  For more accurate results:  -Do not move the experiment while taking your measurements. If you change the place of the experiment, the surface texture, evenness, or slope may change as well, making the results less accurate.  -Use the SAME ball throughout all the experiment; each ball has in general the same characteristics, except that they usually are not perfectly round and they have different sizes and masses. By using the same ball you are increasing accuracy in your measurements. Uncerntanties The uncertainty of the dependant variable, which is the time t, is 0.35 s. This has been measured by subtracting the smallest value to the greatest value of time in every measurement of the height, and then the result of that was divided by 2. It can be better explained with this equation:  After that, the greatest difference of all the results is going to be the one that is chosen to be the uncertainty of time in every measure of height. In this experiment the greatest difference was found in the value of height 80cm, which was 0.35 because. Therefore, 3.5 is going to be the uncertainty of time. All values of time have been rounded to 0.10cm.  The uncertainty of the independent variable, which is the height h, is 0.1cm. This has been settled without any formal guidelines; the factor that just the human eye is used for this experiment and no other more accurate mechanism, gives an uncertainty because the human being is not perfect when measuring something. In this case, the hand can shake at the point of the ruler, or just the perspective of the experimenter can create some error coefficient when measuring the height using a ruler. All values of height have been rounded to 0.1cm.  The following graph was made with Logger Pro Software. I included the uncertainty bars and the computer generated the best straight line and determined the gradient.  Now, the graph is repeated with maximum and minimum gradients based on the extremes of the first and last data point uncertainty bars. Conclusion and Evaluation In Figure 1.3, which is the first graph of our results, there seems to be a direct relationship between the increase of time and the increase of height in the experiment. The straight line that the computer generated shows an increase in both x and y axes which represent the height and the time, respectively.  I can conclude by saying that the experiment of releasing a ball at certain heights, that in this case they were from 10cm in multiples of 10 till reaching a meter, and measuring multiple times to get an average, that in this case was measuring 3 times per measure of height the time it took for the ball to stop bouncing completely and then making a average time, that the hypothesis of height being proportional to time was right and has been proved by analyzing the results and graphs. Time t and the height h were proportional to each other because in the result graph we find a straight line with a slope that proves that proportionality. This makes the experiment successful because the objective of proving the hypothesis was achieved.  After analyzing these factors, the answer to the question How does altering the height when releasing a bouncing rubber ball affect the time until its complete rest in the vertical sense or y-axis? is that as the height increases where the ball is released, it is going to take more time until its rest in the vertical sense, and in the other hand, as the height decreases, the ball is going to take less time to stop bouncing. Problems and Improvement Originally, the experiment was meant to measure the time until the ball reached complete rest (in both x and y axes) so that it could be easy to stop the chronometer and be more accurate. The problem was that the ball would roll on the floor, and as the floor is an even texture, the ball would stop completely taking a lot of time doing it, and sometimes the time it would take to stop in some cases would be very different to other cases because the ball rolls in different directions every time. Changing the experiment of measuring the time until the ball achieved complete rest to measuring time till the ball achieved complete rest in the vertical sense or the y-axis was the solution to overcome this problem. It created a minor problem though. The problem is that the eye cant really see when the ball stops bouncing completely because there are some bounces in the y-axis that cannot be seen by the human eye because they are really minor, making the stopping of the chronometer count a little subjective and decreasing the accuracy of the experiment.

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale

Pros and Cons of Utlizing a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is archaic with roots extending back to early education. This scale is commonplace in schools as most incorporate the traditional A-F grading scale as the core of student assessment. This scale may also have additional components such as incomplete or pass/fail courses. The following example of a traditional grading scale is what most schools in the United States rely on to evaluate student performance. A 90-100%B 80-89%C 70-79%D 60-69%F 0-59%I IncompleteU UnsatisfactoryN Needs ImprovementS Satisfactory In addition, many schools attach a system of pluses and minuses to extend the traditional grading system to quantify and establish a more tiered traditional grading scale. For example, a 90-93 is an A-, 94-96 is an A, and 97-100 is an A The traditional grading scale has been embraced by many schools across the country. This practice does have many opponents who feel that it is outdated and that there are more beneficial alternatives available. The remainder of this article will highlight some of the pros and cons of utilizing the traditional grading scale. Pros of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is universally recognized. Virtually everyone knows that earning an A is good while earning an F is associated with failure.The traditional grading scale is easy to interpret and understand. The simplistic nature of the system makes it user-friendly for teachers, students, and parents.The traditional grading scale allows for direct comparison from one student to another within a specific class. A student with an 88 in a 7th-grade geography class is performing better than another student with a 62 in the same class. Cons of a Traditional Grading Scale The traditional grading scale is easy to manipulate because it is often subjective in nature. For example, one math teacher may require students to show work, while another may only require answers. Therefore, a student making an A in one teachers class may be making a C in another teachers class even though the quality of the work they are doing is identical. This can make it difficult for schools and decision-makers who are trying to compare students using a traditional grading scale.The traditional grading scale is limited because it does not show what a student is learning or what they should be learning. It provides no explanation for why or how a student ended up with a particular grade. The traditional grading scale leads to hours of subjective grading and fosters a testing culture. While it may be simple for teachers to understand, it takes a lot of time to create and grade the assessments that drive the traditional grading system. Furthermore, it promotes a testing culture b ecause they are simpler to score than other assessment practices typically are.

Ballet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ballet - Essay Example At first the stories from Greek mythologies were used for the ballet but in Romantic genre the subjects changed and they started dealing with the conflicts between reality and illusion, flesh and spirit, love stories. Thus the breeze of new era was blowing everywhere which touched the ballet also. Women dancers for the first time learned to dance on their toes. Pointe technique, which requires the performer to dance on the tips of her toes, was a hallmark of Romantic ballet, as was the layered gauze skirt known as the tutu. [2] Marie Taglioni, at first wore filmy calf length costume that later on became the standard for ballet costume. One of the special characteristics of romantic ballet is that women achieved greater importance in the ballet, greater importance than even the men. The purpose of male dancer remained just for lifting the ballerinas i.e. female dancers to show how light weighted they are. The first Romantic Ballet was created by Italian choreographer Filippo Taglioni. Marie Taglioni, in the ballet â€Å"La Sylpide,† danced the part of the Sylphide, a supernatural figure who loved and then destroyed by a mortal man. She was the sensational personality and she had a grace of perfect romantic dancer. In that period in French opera ballet became the effecti ve weapon for achieving grand success. The ballets such as La Sylphide (1832), Giselle (1841), and Coppà ©lia (1870), had typical Romantic story lines. In romantic era the ballets generally used to focus on otherworldly beings. The Australian dancer Fanny Elsser popularized an earthier character. Some people think that the romantic ballet used to be very light and soft. The style used for the romantic ballet would be gothic style. â€Å"Much of the substance of the romantic ballet style was derived from Gothic folklore, the remnant of old superstitions and corruptions of historical facts.†[3] Witches and vamps were used to show

Strategic Change Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Strategic Change Management - Assignment Example For even the most successful companies, survival cannot be guaranteed. In many segments of the economy, organisation should have talent to adapt quick to change for their survival. When business organisations fail to change, the cost of failure may be quite high. For instance, Eastman Kodak Company was once a great successful business, but now it is in the doldrums as it failed to recognise changes that were happening in the industry. Eastman Kodak narrow-minded corporate culture assumed that its strength was its marketing strategy and brand, and it miscalculated the threat of digital cameras (Dan 2012). This research report will analyse why business is to give great significance to strategic change management, and if it failed to recognise the changes happening around it , it may become one of the 70 companies disappeared from the list of top 100 companies of Fortune magazine and how the Eastman Kodak failure is offering the costly lesson for not responding to changes with particula r reference to eBay by demonstrating how eBay is responding to strategic change management quickly and fastly to secure its market position. The strategic change involves enhancing the alignment between an organisation’s atmosphere, organisational design and strategy. Strategic change interventions include initiatives to enhance both the organisation’s association to its environment and the proper balance between its cultural, political and technical systems. Due to some major disruptions to the organization, the need for change is normally triggered such as a technological breakthrough, removal of regulatory needs or where a new CEO has been appointed who is hailing from the outside the organization. The speed of the international technological and economic development makes the change as an unavoidable factor for an organisation. Organisational development (OD) is designed by introducing the planned change to enhance an organisation’s

Restoration of the Parks Ecosystems Research Proposal

Restoration of the Parks Ecosystems - Research Proposal Example Ecological restoration involves a deliberate move that is initiated to reinstate the lost and existing components of an ecosystem. Restoration of an ecosystem may become necessary if it has been mutilated, altered or destroyed because of direct and indirect human activities or a result of other natural factors Wildfires, flash floods, turbulent storms and volcanic eruptions have destroyed natural habitats of organisms to the point that the natural balance in the system is no longer exist. Although the original state of an ecosystem might be impossible to achieve, restoration should focus on trying to get to that condition. It is very important to note there are several factors hampering restoration efforts to the initial level, these include current constraint and some other factors that may change the restoration path. The initial level of an ecosystem hugely affected by human activity and other factors may be difficult or impossible to determine with accuracy (Maltby, 2008). The be st mechanism to build restoration efforts is by embarking on building of sufficient knowledge of the ecosystem. About the High Park This is a valuable and certainly unique environment in the city of Toronto, as it a host to numerous interactions of different organisms. Besides these organisms, millions of people visit the park every year, some come do jog, walk their dogs, play soccer, cycle and other outdoor activities and others just come to marvel at this beauty (Egan, Hjerpe and Abrams, 2011).  ... Fourth, the park consist of a total of 99 existing significant plant species with 4 provincially rare, 9 regionally rare and 86 locally rare plant species. Fifth, there are 250 migratory bird species and a host of 48 breeding bird species, about 6 butterflies of conservation concern, 19 species of mammals and 8 species of amphibians and reptiles. The park was established in the year 1873, it is one the heartbeat of Toronto life as it is the key to the daily lives of the residents of the city. This is the reason that makes it important to develop sufficient proposal to restore the park to its initial setting for people to use continually and the organisms to be hosted unharmed. This is because human activities in the park have lead to some organisms to be endangered and the degradation of organisms and certain locations of the park such as the ponds, the wetlands, forests and meadows, wildlife and creeks. Therefore, to restore the park for the future generations to benefit from and ma rvel at, it is important that restoration efforts of the park to be taken seriously and further be compliment by proper management and maintenance. This proposal aims at determining strategies and mechanisms that can be effectively applied to restore High Park’s ecosystems. Image 1: An aerial view of High Park showing massive human activities Adopted from http://www.toronto.ca/trees/HP_OakWoodland_Resotration.htm Formation of the High Park The area occupied by the park currently was composed of glaciers in the Ice Age; it owes its topography and soil to this period. Researchers insist that as warming began, the melting glaciers started to move to the north of the country, resulting in the formation of a lake, which is very

Free Vibration Of A Cantilever Objective

Free Vibration Of A Cantilever Objective The purpose of this experiment is to determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam study both undamped and damped free vibration motion of a cantilever beam. Vibration is the periodic motion of a body or system of connected bodies displaced from a position of equilibrium. In general, there are two types of vibration, free and forced. Free vibration is maintained by gravitational or elastic restoring force. Forced vibration is caused by an external periodic or intermittent force applied to the system. Both of these types of vibration may be either damped or undamped. Undamped vibrations can continue indefinitely because frictional effects are neglected in the analysis. Basically, if a system that is subjected to an initial disturbance and is left to vibrate on its own, the subsequent vibration is known as the free vibration. Vibrations without damping would result in a continuous vibration of the particular oscillatory body. As a matter of fact, it will produce a displacement-time graph of such nature as shown in the following figure. This graph is commonly referred to as the simple harmonic motion. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co mmons/4/44/Simple_harmonic_motion.png Figure 1: Simple Harmonic Motion (Displacement-Time Graph) However, in reality, just as with many other scientific theories, this is impossible because friction and other forces are present both internally and externally. As the system is subjected to these forces, this phenomena is called damping. The principle effect of damping is to reduce the amplitude of an oscillation, not to change its frequency. So, the graph of the amplitude of a normal damped oscillation might look like the following: http://www.efunda.com/formulae/vibrations/sdof_images/SDOF_UnderDamped_Response.gif Figure 2: Graph of Damped Oscillation (Displacement-Time Graph) Apparatus and Materials: 1. Cantilever beam apparatus -Modulus of elasticity of aluminium(E) : 70GPa -Dimension of the cantilever beam : 927mm (L) ÃÆ'- 19.09mm (W) ÃÆ'- 6.35mm (H) -Mass of the cantilever beam : 292.59g Mass of the damper : 122 g 2. Strain gauge 3. Strain recorder 4. Viscous damper Experimental Procedures: Figure 3: Experiment Setup without Viscous Damper Figure 4: Experiment Setup with Viscous Damper The computer and the strain recorder were switched on. The strain recorder application software was started by double clicking on the DC104REng shortcut icon on the computer desktop. The experiment setup was shown in Figure 3. The operation of the strain recorder and the recorder application software were referred to the operational manual. The viscous damper was removed if it was attached to the beam. The beam was held and displaced by, ymax, -20mm, -15mm, -10m, -5mm, 0, 5mm, 10mm, 15mm,and 20mm. The strain recorder reading for each displacement value from the Numerical Monitor screen of the application software was recorded manually. The relationship of the displacement (of the free end of the beam) and the strain recorder reading was obtained by plotting an appropriate graph using a spreadsheet. The beam is displaced by 30mm and the beam is left to vibrate on its own. The strain recorder reading was recorded by clicking on the Play and Stop button. The recorded file was retrieved by clicking on the Read USB button. The graph of the beam displacement versus time, t was plotted. The experiment was repeated by using beam displacement of 50mm. The viscous damper was connected as shown in Figure 3. Steps 7 and 10 were repeated by using beam displacement of 30mm and 50mm respectively. a) Theoretical Calculations As given in the experiment: Modulus of elasticity of aluminium,E = 70 GPa Length of the cantilever beam, L = 0.927m Width of the cantilever beam,b = 0.019m Thickness of the cantilever beam, h = 0.006m Mass of the cantilever beam, mcantilever = 0.293 kg Mass of the damper, mdamper = 0.122 kg b) Experimental Results and Calculations Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Natural Circular Frequency of Beam with Viscous Damper, The free vibration of the theoretical natural frequency of the cantilever beam in this experiment is 5.75Hz while the experimental natural frequency of the cantilever beam is 6.25Hz for amplitude of 30mm and 6.25Hz for amplitude of 50mm. The viscously damped vibration of the theoretical natural frequency of the cantilever beam is 3.45Hz and the experimental natural frequency of the cantilever beam for amplitude of 30mm and 50mm are 3.57Hz and 3.57Hz. Percentage error, % x 100% Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =8.70% Free Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 50mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =8.70% Viscously Damped Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 30mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =3.48% Viscously Damped Vibration of Cantilever Beam at 50mm Displacement Percentage error, %= x 100% =3.48% In this experiment, it is calculated that the percentage error for the free vibration is both 8.70% for 30mm and 50mm. For the viciously damped vibration, the percentage error for the 30mm and 50mm were both 3.48%. The results of the experiment were slightly inaccurate. This may be caused by the external force which is the air resistance as the beam oscillates. Another factor is caused by parallax error which occurred during the measuring of displacement before the beam was released as our eye level was not perpendicular to the scale of the metre rule. When the beam is released, it slightly hit the bottom of the container which decreases the original force released drastically which affects the amplitude of oscillation. Furthermore, the Modulus of Elasticity(Youngs Modulus) was given, which might not be accurate. All these source of error may affect the results of the experiment to be inaccurate. The results of the experiment can be improved by measuring the Modulus of Elasticity. Using a deeper container would also avoid the damper to hit the bottom of the container. Furthermore, the experiment can be done in a vacuum box to avoid air resistance. Eye level should be adjusted until it is perpendicular to the metre rule scale. This steps can increase the accuracy of the results. The damped period, damped natural frequency and the damping ratio of the system of free vibration is. When the amplitude is 30mm or 50mm for both cases, they have the same damped period, damped natural frequency and damped ratio. The percentage error for the free vibration of 30mm and 50mm were both 8.70% while for the viciously damped of 30mm and 50mm were both 3.48%. This indicates that the difference in amplitudes do not affect the frequency of the oscillation. From the general equation of frequency : , where c=speed of wave ÃŽÂ »= wavelength This formula proves that amplitude or displacement does not affect the frequency of the oscillation. If the strain gauge is mounted on the other end of the cantilever beam, the results would be not accurate as the gauge is very sensitive to changes. At the other end, there is not much difference in the change of length which affects the strain. In Figure 3, the strain can be detected more easily as the change in length is very obvious. This is because when the free end is free to vibrates, the vibration will be strong but the compression and tension that results on the surface of pressure sensor is not that strong. Conclusion : The theoretical natural frequency , for this experiment is 5.75Hz for free vibration cantilever. The value of both 30mm and 50mm frequency obtained were 6.25Hz which have percentage error of 8.70%. Whereas, the theoretical damped natural frequency , is 3.45 Hz. The value of both 30mm and 50mm frequency obtained were 3.57Hz which have percentage error of 3.48%. Furthermore, the results proves that the displacement does not affect the vibration(frequency) of the oscillation of the cantilever beam.

Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Parallels Within

Parallels Within The Stranger (The Outsider) The Stranger by Albert Camus is a story of a sequence of events in one man's life that cause him to question the nature of the universe and his position in it. The book is written in two parts and each part seems to reflect in large degree the actions occurring in the other. There are curious parallels throughout the two parts that seem to indicate the emotional state of Meursault, the protagonist, and his view of the world. Meursault is a fairly average individual who is distinctive more in his apathy and passive pessimism than in anything else. He rarely talks because he generally has nothing to say, and he does what is requested of him because he feels that resisting commands is more of a bother than it is worth. Meursault never did anything notable or distinctive in his life: a fact which makes the events of the book all the more intriguing. Part I of The Stranger begins with Meursault's attendance at his mother's funeral. It ends with Meursault on the beach at Algiers killing a man. Part II is concerned with Meursault's trial for that same murder, his ultimate sentencing to death and the mental anguish that he experiences as a result of this sentence. Several curious parallels emerge here, especially with regard to Meursault's perception of the world. In Part I, Meursault is spending the night next to his mother's coffin at a sort of pre-funeral vigil. With him are several old people who were friends of his mother at the home in which she had been living at the time of her death. Meursault has the strange feeling that he can see all of their faces really clearly, that he can observe every detail of their clothing and that they will be indelibly impr... ...r has not done makes no essential difference at the end. The nurse at the funeral tells him, "if you walk too slowly, you'll get heat exhaustion, but if you walk too fast, then the cool air in church will give you a chill.† As he kills the Arab, he thinks, "Whether I fire or don't fire is irrelevant; the ending will be the same.† And at the trial, Meursault tells the prosecutor, "I have lived my life thus and did x, but if I had done y or z instead, it wouldn't have mattered.† And, ultimately, Meursault turns out to be correct; he discovers that when death approaches, all men are equal, no matter what their ages or previous lives. Meursault views death as an escape: you can't escape from it, but you can escape into it, and he prepares himself to do so, bit by bit. Each parellel incident is just one more winding round of the rope that will bind him completely.

Congressional Earmarks

In fiscal year 2008, there were 11,524 earmarks totaling $16,501,833,000 for appropriations accounts. A Congressional earmark is a provision that directs funds to be spent on specific projects. Congressional earmarks should be banned and the unused money should be returned to the citizens. The largest Disadvantage of congressional earmarks that I can see is the amount of money they use. An earmark on an Alaskan highway bill was for a bridge, that took money from hurricane reconstruction. This bridge would have cost $320 million. As federal taxpayers would you like to pay $320 million, by way of three separate earmarks? These three earmarks where added to the highway bill in 2005. These earmarks managed to take almost $223 million from a reconstruction project for a bridge in Louisiana. According to the 2010 copy of the Congressional Pig Book , it showed almost 9,200 earmarks totaling $16. 5 billion dollars. Even though that is a 10. % decline from 2009, the fact that we are trillions of dollars in debt and we are using the money to fund projects like the Monroe County Farmer’s Market in Kentucky and The second largest disadvantage that I can see from the use of earmarks is the humiliation and disgrace they can bring. The bridge above that is mentioned took money for hurricane reconstruction. This project is a humiliation to the people of Alaska and the U. S. Congress some people say. Some people view the bridge as an object of national ridicule and a symbol of the fiscal irresponsibility of many in Congress toward the money entrusted to them by the taxpayers. In response to this national humiliation, many in Alaska have vented their anger in the state's newspapers, and the papers' editors have also objected to the bridge on their editorial pages. According to http://www. heritage. org â€Å"David Raskin of Homer, Alaska, wrote, â€Å"Alaskans owe an apology to the people of New Orleans, to Alaska Native people and to the Nation for their selfish shortsightedness in sending these scoundrels to Washington and voting to keep them there. â€Å"†

Effects of domestic violence domestic abuse on women and children Essay

42% of women and 20% of men sustained minor injuries such as scratches, bruises, broken bones or pregnancy complications (Cathy Meyer, 2016). The result of domestic abuse does have long-term physical effects including digestive problems, hypertension or skin disorders (www.liveabout.com 15/11/17). Family members, especially children, can experience the physical effects of abuse even though they have not been harmed or touched. They can complain about stomach aches, headaches and could experience irregular bowel movements and wet the bed. Many women who have been abused find it difficult to concentrate on their daily activates because of the effects of domestic abuse as they are constantly on edge. If a person is experiencing domestic abuse this can be physical as well as emotional and if the abuse is constant then regular hospital visits and rest days will be needed for a recovery if the person has a job day off will be needed and too many could lead to the person eventually being let off. When children experience domestic violence sometimes they feel confused or it’s their fault. If the violence or arguments takes place at night, it can be very distracting for the child to be able to sleep as they are constantly hearing the abuse given. This could affect their education as they will be tired and have poor concentration, affecting progress. Domestic abuse will have an effect on the victim’s emotional health as it makes them feel a range of emotions, such as anxiety, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts or could cause a post-traumatic distress which includes unwanted flashbacks , nightmares or uncontrollable thoughts (www.joyfulheartcondition.org). Children who are exposed to domestic violence in their home could develop anxiety, fearing they might be left with the abusive parent who will then take their abuse out on them. Depression is also an emotion that most people will experience as they feel helpless and powerless. This is known to be more common in girls as boys tend to act out with aggression. Alisha Dixon, in the BBC Documentary â€Å"Don’t Hit My mum†, many children feel guilt that they could not prevent the abuse. Children may not want to leave the house in case their parent is unsafe. I found evidence to back this is on saying children will become clingy and not want to leave mum or dad and they feel they have a responsibility for to protect them. When in a domestic violent relationship, it is knowing that the partner will try to control the other person’s life by constantly knowing what they are doing and persuading or telling the victim they cannot go places when they really want to go. This will affect their relationship with family or friends causing the victim to never see them eventually leading them into isolation. Other social behavior includes aggressive behavior and poor social skills, meaning they could not make any friends as their social skills are poor. Bereavement A person dying close to you is hard both on adults and children. They can experience the same feelings as they are going through the same things however someone who is of an older age may be able to deal with the effects in a more mature manner, they will find that their energy levels will be very low as they will have a feeling f numbness inside them. If their energy is low, they will not go out and do daily activities which could lead them to stress and anxiety. Dealing with death and not everyone likes to be around people especially not in a work or school environment. This means that they will be missing out on important days in work or school causing them to fall behind building up more stress and anxiety that version does not need. When people describe losing a loved one they usually describe their self as being numb. Which is a normal defense mechanism of the mind to help you from being overwhelmed with emotions? Other people may experience guilt or anxiety

Free Essays on HEROISM-DAD

When I hear the word hero, the first person who comes to mind is my father, Raymond Mathers. He defines every part of the word â€Å"hero†. He is a good father and a dedicated teacher of life. He saved his own life, and mine. My father has overcome a countless number of obstacles. Raymond Ledoux was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on August 17, 1950. When his high school years were coming to an end, bad crowds introduced him to all sorts of drugs and alcohol. This started a horrible beginning to a long road of struggles. Although New Bedford is the â€Å"heroin capital† of New England, the interest of substance started in a visit to Florida. Coke, marijuana, heroin, alcohol and cigarettes were all vices in my father’s life. A coke deal in Ft. Lauderdale is the romantic story of how my parents met each other. Looking beyond all of the negative aspects taking up there lives; they were in love and wanted to start a family. At the age of thirty-eight, Ray had a baby girl that goes by the name of Jamie-Rae Ledoux. Our family moved back to New England and my parents were looking to straighten out there lives for there baby and themselves. My father finally realized that staying with my mother was making the process longer and more difficult so he left with all positive intentions. Once living on his own, he defeated all bad habits on his own. He stopped drinking, smoking cigarettes, and all drug use; including the methadone he was on which was supposed to help stop the drug and alcohol addictions themselves. There were not any AA meetings, drug counseling, or nicotine patches; he quit every addiction with his own willpower. In the mean time I was living with my mom, who was still abusing alcohol and drugs. My father knew it wasn’t anything a child needed to experience. He wanted me to grow up in a safe, loving, and substance-free home. As a result, he bought a house and took me out of the negative environment my mother provided. I ... Free Essays on HEROISM-DAD Free Essays on HEROISM-DAD When I hear the word hero, the first person who comes to mind is my father, Raymond Mathers. He defines every part of the word â€Å"hero†. He is a good father and a dedicated teacher of life. He saved his own life, and mine. My father has overcome a countless number of obstacles. Raymond Ledoux was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on August 17, 1950. When his high school years were coming to an end, bad crowds introduced him to all sorts of drugs and alcohol. This started a horrible beginning to a long road of struggles. Although New Bedford is the â€Å"heroin capital† of New England, the interest of substance started in a visit to Florida. Coke, marijuana, heroin, alcohol and cigarettes were all vices in my father’s life. A coke deal in Ft. Lauderdale is the romantic story of how my parents met each other. Looking beyond all of the negative aspects taking up there lives; they were in love and wanted to start a family. At the age of thirty-eight, Ray had a baby girl that goes by the name of Jamie-Rae Ledoux. Our family moved back to New England and my parents were looking to straighten out there lives for there baby and themselves. My father finally realized that staying with my mother was making the process longer and more difficult so he left with all positive intentions. Once living on his own, he defeated all bad habits on his own. He stopped drinking, smoking cigarettes, and all drug use; including the methadone he was on which was supposed to help stop the drug and alcohol addictions themselves. There were not any AA meetings, drug counseling, or nicotine patches; he quit every addiction with his own willpower. In the mean time I was living with my mom, who was still abusing alcohol and drugs. My father knew it wasn’t anything a child needed to experience. He wanted me to grow up in a safe, loving, and substance-free home. As a result, he bought a house and took me out of the negative environment my mother provided. I ...

WK 5 Strategic Philanthropy for Organizations Term Paper

WK 5 Strategic Philanthropy for Organizations - Term Paper Example Strategic Philanthropy refers to the practice of organizations in which they channel their charitable activities towards specific course that is expected to benefit their organizational objectives. In this course, philanthropy is a means used by different firms to benefit other organizations while advancing their business interests at the same time. Strategic philanthropy is associated with organizations and not individuals thus executed by the top management of organizations such as the board of directors and several departments. Philanthropy plays an important role in developing and retaining customer loyalty. According to Fioravante (2010), eighty percent of Americans are more loyal to an organization that contribute towards course that they have interest. Moreover, Valor (2007), survey demonstrated that most consumers have greater trust for companies that are associated with certain kind of social activities that give back to community. Increased customer loyalty have indirect benefits such as increased customer satisfaction, increased productivity and quality, employee commitment, profitability and reduced legal and regulatory interventions. For example, GTE greatest concerns are technology and literacy; hence the organization through its foundation distributed $30 million in 1999 (Debbie & Ferrell, 2002). Strategic philanthropy target customers’ concerns and interests in provision of resources that aim at building trust. As stated by Valor (2007), enhancing trust and acceptability among the consumers can be achieved through developing strong consumer loyalty thus gaining competitive advantage. Coca-cola has always linked its operating practices and resources with the stakeholders concerns. For example, the company has channeled not only its resources but also expertise to environmental issues. According to Debbie & Ferrell (2002), the company has provided expertise and financial support to organizations that

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Criminal Justice - Essay Example As a result, the needs of the female prisoners are often disregarded thus negatively affecting their mental and physical health in the process. It has also been observed that the failure to meet the needs of the female prisoners deprives them of their right to basic dignity and leads to the violation of their fundamental human rights (Law and Whitehorn, 2012). Some of the key issues commonly faced by female prisoners include custodial sexual misconduct; caring for their children; lack of availability of adequate healthcare facilities suited for their needs; lack of accessible services; vulnerability to abuse; etc among others. The needs and concerns of female prisoners are starkly different as compared to their male counterparts, a fact which has been largely ignored so far. Unlike men, the female prisoners are solely responsible for caring for their young children. In such a situation, isolation due to confinement inevitably takes a toll on their mental health. Furthermore they are relatively more vulnerable to abuse and neglect in prison due to the differences in the sexual and reproductive health as compared to males. Issues such as these are hence likely to aggravate the mental and health problems faced by them (UN Office of Drugs and Crime, 2008). Women are also found to be highly vulnerable to prison abuse (Clear, Reisig, and Cole, 2012). Their mental health in particular is far more likely to deteriorate while in confinement due to factors such as overcrowding, lack of proper assessment procedures, discomfort on account of being supervised by male staff, etc (McElreath, Keena, Elter and Stuart, 2011; Stohr, Hemmens, and Walsh, 2008). Furthermore it has also been observed by various researchers that women are more prone to attempt suicide while in confinement due to mental stress and trauma, and lack of availability of appropriate healthcare facilities to address their specific healthcare needs (Petersilia and Reitz, 2012). Critical evaluation: There has been a significant rise in the number of female prisoners in the United States during the past two decades. This sudden increase of female offenders can largely be contributed to stricter punishment and longer incarceration for drug offenders, as a part of the war on drugs campaign. Thus, the policies introduced by the administration to eliminate and / or reduce the disparities in sentencing, ultimately led to the rise of female inmates behind bars (Stange, Oyster, and Sloan, 2011; Miller, 2009). According to the American Civil Liberties Union, women comprise of the fastest growing segment of the incarcerated population, increasing at nearly double the rate of men, in the United States (ACLU, 2007). There is substantial evidence indicating the substantial over-representation of women of color in the American prisons as well as the criminal justice system, with Blacks and Hispanics comprising of the largest female population behind bars (Law and Whitehorn, 2012; Oberman and Meyer, 20 08). Some of the key reasons behind the increased incarceration rates of females belonging to the minority population include poverty, and unemployment which significantly hampers their ability to provide and care for their families. Their demographic and socio-economic background makes them highly prone to commit economically driven crimes such as property crimes, prostitution and at times drug